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- From: sichase@csa2.lbl.gov (SCOTT I CHASE)
- Subject: Re: Hot water
- Followup-To: rec.martial-arts
- Date: 25 Jul 92 06:12:10 GMT
- Organization: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory - Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lines: 75
- Distribution: na
- Message-ID: <24887@dog.ee.lbl.gov>
- References: <1992Jul20.174611.28999@uwm.edu> <59140@mimsy.umd.edu> <1992Jul22.095347.16@antioc.antioch.edu>
- Reply-To: sichase@csa2.lbl.gov
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-
- In article <1992Jul22.095347.16@antioc.antioch.edu>, mbaya@antioc.antioch.edu writes...
- >
- >and is it also true that Hot/boiling water will freeze faster than
- >cold water? I know I heard this somewhere a long time ago. Why does it
- >do this?
- >
- Yes, under some conditions. This is in the sci.physics FAQ. Here is
- the appropriate text:
-
- ********************************************************************************
- Item 10.
-
- Hot Water Freezes Faster than Cold! updated 11-May-1992
- ----------------------------------- original by Richard M. Mathews
-
- You put two pails of water outside on a freezing day. One has hot
- water (95 degrees C) and the other has an equal amount of colder water (50
- degrees C). Which freezes first? The hot water freezes first! Why?
-
- It is commonly argued that the hot water will take some time to
- reach the initial temperature of the cold water, and then follow the same
- cooling curve. So it seems at first glance difficult to believe that the
- hot water freezes first. The answer lies mostly in evaporation. The effect
- is definitely real and can be duplicated in your own kitchen.
-
- Every "proof" that hot water can't freeze faster assumes that the
- state of the water can be described by a single number. Remember that
- temperature is a function of position. There are also other factors
- besides temperature, such as motion of the water, gas content, etc. With
- these multiple parameters, any argument based on the hot water having to
- pass through the initial state of the cold water before reaching the
- freezing point will fall apart. The most important factor is evaporation.
-
- The cooling of pails without lids is partly Newtonian and partly by
- evaporation of the contents. The proportions depend on the walls and on
- temperature. At sufficiently high temperatures evaporation is more
- important. If equal masses of water are taken at two starting
- temperatures, more rapid evaporation from the hotter one may diminish its
- mass enough to compensate for the greater temperature range it must cover
- to reach freezing. The mass lost when cooling is by evaporation is not
- negligible. In one experiment, water cooling from 100C lost 16% of its mass
- by 0C, and lost a further 12% on freezing, for a total loss of 26%.
-
- The cooling effect of evaporation is twofold. First, mass is
- carried off so that less needs to be cooled from then on. Also,
- evaporation carries off the hottest molecules, lowering considerably the
- average kinetic energy of the molecules remaining. This is why "blowing on
- your soup" cools it. It encourages evaporation by removing the water vapor
- above the soup.
-
- Thus experiment and theory agree that hot water freezes faster than
- cold for sufficiently high starting temperatures, if the cooling is by
- evaporation. Cooling in a wooden pail or barrel is mostly by evaporation.
- In fact, a wooden bucket of water starting at 100C would finish freezing in
- 90% of the time taken by an equal volume starting at room temperature. The
- folklore on this matter may well have started a century or more ago when
- wooden pails were usual. Considerable heat is transferred through the
- sides of metal pails, and evaporation no longer dominates the cooling, so
- the belief is unlikely to have started from correct observations after
- metal pails became common.
-
- References:
- "Hot water freezes faster than cold water. Why does it do so?",
- Jearl Walker in The Amateur Scientist, Scientific American,
- Vol. 237, No. 3, pp 246-257; September, 1977.
-
- "The Freezing of Hot and Cold Water", G.S. Kell in American
- Journal of Physics, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp 564-565; May, 1969.
-
- --------------------
- Scott I. Chase "The question seems to be of such a character
- SICHASE@CSA2.LBL.GOV that if I should come to life after my death
- and some mathematician were to tell me that it
- had been definitely settled, I think I would
- immediately drop dead again." - Vandiver
-
-
-